Joseph Krist
Publisher
AFTER THE FIRE
The city of Los Angeles has approved permits to rebuild three homes in Pacific Palisades after January’s wildfire. As of last week, 72 property owners had submitted applications to the city. An additional 98 have filed with L.A. County for rebuilding in unincorporated areas after the Palisades and Eaton fires. We point this out to highlight the realities of recovery from natural disasters.
The City and L.A. County leaders committed to streamline permitting procedures for property owners who want to rebuild. The Eaton fire, which ignited the same day, displaced 6,900 households from Altadena and nearby communities. The city and county have opened one stop permitting centers for fire victims and waived discretionary hearings and other zoning reviews for those who want to build new homes that are roughly the same size as they were before.
The regulatory framework is a work in progress at all levels of government – city, county, state. The City has established that new accessory dwelling units would qualify for streamlined permitting and issued another order with plans to further expedite reviews for homeowners who choose to rebuild with all-electric systems and appliances.
The obstacles to rebuilding center on the need to clear the debris. To this end, some of the delay can be attributed to residents. For example, there are more than 1,000 property owners who have not opted in or out of the federal government’s free debris removal service. Permits are not being issued to properties which have yet to clear debris. The issue of toxicity from firefighting foam used to fight the fires is an additional complication.
These are the real life factors that make recovery a much more time consuming process than anyone would hope. The sheer scope of the recovery – 16,000 structures – and the limitations on resources especially skilled tradesmen create significant hurdles. Only so many structures can be built at one time. Concurrently, rebuilding is impacted by the reality that the true replacement cost of a house is often significantly higher than the insured value.
BRIDGES
The headlines made it sound like the Brooklyn and Golden Gate Bridges were about to be toppled by ships. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) completed a vulnerability assessment which identified 68 other bridges frequented by ocean-going vessels that were constructed before American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) standards were updated in 1991. The Board issued a report with the release was timed to hit the first anniversary of the Key Bridge disaster in Baltimore.
The Board urged the FHWA, Coast Guard, and Corps of Engineers to form a dedicated, interdisciplinary team that provides guidance and assistance to bridge owners on evaluating and reducing the risk of a bridge collapse from a vessel collision. It also urged the owners of the 68 identified bridges to calculate whether the probability of a bridge collapse from a vessel collision is above the acceptable risk threshold established by AASHTO.
The FHWA requires that new bridges on the National Highway System be designed to minimize the risk of a catastrophic bridge collapse from a vessel collision given the size, speed, and other characteristics of the vessels navigating the channel under the bridge. The Board found that the 30 owners of 68 bridges over navigable waterways frequented by ocean-going vessels are likely unaware of their bridges’ risk of catastrophic collapse from a vessel collision and the potential need to implement countermeasures to reduce the bridges’ vulnerability.
So, is a wave of financings and borrowings coming on to implement lots of updates to the bridges? We don’t think so. There is no requirement that the owning agencies conduct the recommended review let alone perform any of the proposed fixes. We note the wide variation in terms of type of bridge and age of bridge. Several are constructed after the AASHTO standards were established. One of the “vulnerable” bridges is the Sunshine Skyway over Tampa Bay which was built to replace a bridge which was damaged by a ship collision.
POLICY AND PORTS
The Port of Los Angeles processed 801,398 Twenty-Foot Equivalent Units (TEUs) last month, which was 2.5% more than last year and marked the Port’s second-busiest February on record. At the same time, the results acknowledge the uncertainty associated with White House trade policy. “Many retailers and manufacturers have been importing their products through Los Angeles earlier than usual as a hedge against tariffs. Given the substantial inventory already here, and the uncertainty of tariffs, it’s possible we could see a 10% volume decline in the second half of the year.”
What isn’t mentioned is a new non-tariff policy. President Trump is drafting an executive order that would rely on funding from a U.S. Trade Representative proposal to levy fines of up to $1.5 million on China-made ships or vessels from fleets that include ships made in China. Those potential port fees have limited the availability of ships needed to move agriculture, energy, mining, construction and manufactured goods to international buyers. Vessel owners have already refused to provide offers for future U.S. coal shipments due to the proposed USTR fees.
Industry groups have been consistent in their response. Among the groups fearing restricted exports are the West Virginia Coal Association, the American Petroleum Institute, and shipping associations. The shippers contend that very few maritime operators will be able to document that their annual share of U.S. exports meets the required 20% carried on U.S. built, U.S flagged vessels.
The USTR proposal also seeks to shift domestic exports to ships that are both flagged and built in the United States. The current fleet of U.S.-flagged cargo vessels numbers less than 200, and not all are U.S. built. To completely avoid the fees, vessel operators must be based outside of China, have fleets with fewer than 25% of ships built in China, and have no Chinese shipyard orders or deliveries scheduled within the next two years
The proposed shipping restrictions come as the US agriculture sector is already dealing with the impact of tariffs. The inability to secure ocean freight transportation from May and beyond has restricted their ability to sell bulk U.S. agricultural products like corn, soybeans and wheat because exporters are unsure what the final cost would be.
The United States exported more than $64 billion in bulk crops, bulk animal feed and vegetable oils in 2024, according to U.S. Census Bureau Trade data. Bulk agricultural exporters could face an additional $372 million to $930 million in annual transportation costs from the fees.
BLAME CANADA
Nearly 500,000 fewer travelers crossed the land border from Canada into the U.S. in February compared to the same month last year, according to data from U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP). The number of travelers entering the U.S. in a passenger vehicle — the most common way to make the trip from Canada — dropped from 2,696,512 in February 2024 to 2,223,408 last month. The number of travelers driving over the U.S. land border is the lowest it’s been since April 2022.
The number of cross-border travelers headed for the U.S. in October, November, December and January were all well above the numbers reported for the same month the year before. All categories of transit have declined beginning in February. That even includes those who walk across to shop or visit. CBP reported the number of walkers fell from roughly 117,000 in February 2024 to 99,000 last month.
The anecdotal evidence is that fewer Canadians are maintaining their historic presence in Florida this year. I can tell you that the sentiment in Canada is strong. I see a lot of broadcasts of Canadian NHL teams. The advertising is telling. Companies are flooding the airways with ads emphasizing Canadian products. The political ads shifted in tone quickly last month and no longer focus on getting along with the U.S.
That has real implications for those businesses with significant demand from Canada. Small businesses nearer to the border all already taking a hit. Large entities are vulnerable as well. One credit that comes to mind is the Destiny USA mall in Syracuse. It derives approximately 20% of its visitors from Canada.
CLIMATE BALLOT IN COURT
Initiative 2066 which is viewed as protecting natural gas as an energy choice in Washington state was approved by the voters in November, 2024. A King County Superior Court Judge ruled that the scope of I-2066, approved by voters in November, was too broad and violated the state Constitution’s single-subject requirement.
I-2066 was in response to HB 1589, which was passed during the 2024 legislative session. The bill directs “large combination utilities,” or combination gas and electric companies that serve more than 800,000 customers, to plan for the development of specific actions “supporting gas system decarbonization and electrification” in alignment with the state’s goals to move toward 100% clean energy. I-2066 was aimed at resisting some of these moves.
The judge ruled the ballot measure’s title may have confused voters who could have voted “yes” to support the choice of natural gas but did not realize building codes would have to be amended or that there could be climate impacts as a result. Here is where the situation becomes amusing. Over the years we have covered laws and regulations on the conservative end of the spectrum often written by organizations like ALEC on the right. Now, the gas industry is complaining specifically about the involvement of the Pacifica Law Group. The gas industry is charging that the Group essentially wrote the judge’s decision for her.
Did they? Who knows and it’s not our point. We hate the ideological approach to governing on either end of the spectrum. We see fewer and fewer rational reactions to legal outcomes which is bad in an environment where legislation is almost impossible. It does no good to rely on the courts to do the work of citizens if we’re going to undermine the courts. There will be a motion supporting a direct appeal to the state Supreme Court.
NEW YORK STATE BUDGET AND FEDERAL MONEY
The New York State budget process is supposed to wind up on March 31 with the new fiscal year starting April 1. The already complex process was further complicated by the latest cuts being made by the DOGE. Two New York State agencies working on addiction services and mental health care told nonprofit providers that two federally funded state grant programs, which totaled about $330 million and were supposed to run through the end of September, had been halted.
In the fiscal year ending this month, New York State received an estimated $96 billion from the federal government, with roughly $57 billion going to the state’s Medicaid program. About $10 billion went to schools, about $4 billion to law enforcement and public safety and $2.5 billion to transportation programs.
Ms. Hochul had based her initial $252 billion state budget proposal for the coming year on the assumption that almost $91 billion would flow from Washington.
The budgetary meat ax being waved around by the DOGE reflects a complete lack of understanding as to how Medicaid works and how it covers people. There is a discussion to be had over whether all of the things that Medicaid in New York covers can continue to be supported. For some services, the states have longed relied on a private non-profit infrastructure network to provide many of the specialized services Medicaid covers like those provided by mental health providers. These abrupt cuts will leave many of those providers unable to operate.
FEDERAL FUNDING AND THE STATES
I have no doubt that the squad of boy wonders in D.C. has no understanding of the role of these funds and the non-profit service providers in the provision of addiction and mental health services. There is no way to provide these services privately in the sense that the providers would be hard pressed to self-fund. At the same time, governments would never be able to go back to what was another form of mass incarceration. So, the effort to reduce spending here is just going to cause more problems than it solves.
Some research from the Pew Charitable Trusts published in September, 2024 provides a backdrop for the actions currently underway to cut and hold back federal funds to the states. It provides some clues as to what is currently going on. There are some caveats. The data covers 2019-2022, a time of extraordinary circumstances which are certainly not sustainable.
Nationwide, states received 60.8% more in federal grants in fiscal 2022 than they did just before the pandemic—ranging from 130.5% more in South Dakota to 32.8% more in California. The federal government awarded states more than $800 billion in COVID-19 relief. Fiscal 2022 was the first year states were eligible for the more than $760 billion authorized through the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and the Inflation Reduction Act.
Federal funds, rather than state tax dollars, accounted for the largest source of revenue in 16 states, up from five states in fiscal 2019 and 15 in fiscal 2021. In fiscal 2020, federal funds made up the largest share in 18 states, the most on record. California and Montana were the only states where the federal share of state revenue was lower in fiscal 2022 than in fiscal 2019. 20 states reported their largest share of revenue from federal funds of any year in the past 50 years.
South Dakota experienced the biggest annual percentage-point growth in the federal share of state revenue, up 11 percentage points from fiscal 2021. This swing was related to the timing of receiving and spending federal pandemic aid. North Dakota experienced the biggest annual percentage-point decline, with the federal share falling 17.5 percentage points from fiscal 2021.
So where does this matter? Louisiana reported the highest percentage of revenue from federal funds (50.5%). North Dakota reported the lowest percentage (22.2%). The percentage of state revenue from federal funds in states with the largest federal shares—Louisiana (50.5%), Alaska (50.2%), and Arizona (49.7%)—was roughly double what it was in those with the lowest shares: North Dakota (22.2%), Hawaii (25.9%), and Virginia (27.6%).
REALLY?
The United States Department of Agriculture has moved to cancel $13 million in funding for Pennsylvania farmers who provide products for food banks. The funding came from the Local Food Purchase Assistance Program established in 2021. The purpose was to help both farmers struggling during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as food banks that may not have a budget for fresh food. Since the program began, Pennsylvania has received over $28 million.
This move comes after Pennsylvania succeeded in a legal action against the effort to cut off $2 billion of federal funding for Pennsylvania by the Trump administration. Those funds are now being restored while a lawsuit against the cuts is still standing despite the fact that the specific cuts which are the subject of the suit have been restored. The congressionally-approved money for Pennsylvania saw most of those dollars be used for environmental programs like plugging abandoned oil and gas wells, building out clean-water infrastructure, and helping low-income households retrofit their homes to lower utility bills.
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